Prevention of Chilblains

Exposure to icy and freezing conditions often leads to complications. Ulcers may be found on the fingers or toes in such conditions. These ulcers are known as acral ulcers and are known as  chilblains. The cold and humid weather destroys the minute blood vessels of the skin which in turn cause itchiness and inflammation of the extremities. Chilblains are not frost bites and the reasons for formation of chilblains are not clear. But they may be symptoms of other underlying medical conditions.

Symptoms- There is ulceration and redness in the areas of the body which have reduced blood circulation. The common body parts affected are the fingers and toes, ear lobes and the tip of the nose. These may be accompanied by itchiness and swelling.

Treatment- The affected area must be kept as warm as possible so that it des not become numb. Although the itchiness is persistent, it is best to avoid scratching. Cool lotions like the calamine lotion may be used to reduce the itchiness. Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, acts as a vasodialator by increasing the dialation of the blood vessels thereby easing the pain, hastening the healing process and preventing recurrence of ulcers. Nifedipine is recommended for severe cases.

Duration- Chilblains  usually disappear after a week or ten days.

Prevention- This painful and uncomfortable condition can be prevented by keeping the hands and feet warm in frosty climate. Wearing socks and gloves and taking adequate protection while going outdoors decreases the risk. Rapid temperature changes must be avoided at all costs.

Diet- A healthy and balanced diet comprising of the usual fat, protein and carbohydrate is recommended. Added vitamins and minerals or high energy drinks may help to combat the cold and improve blood circulation to the extremities. Physical exercise is mandatory and will help prevent the feeling of numbness while exposed to  cold. A high dose of Vitamin K to facilitate the flow of blood is required as a precautionary measure. Although it may help to keep warm, taking alcohol while going out in the snow must be avoided.