Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Causes and Types

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) denotes the cancer of the cells of the lymphatic system. When a person suffers from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, cells in the lymphatic system either grow or divide without control or the older cells do not die as they normally do. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can occur in a single lymph node, a group of lymph nodes or the spleen. It can also spread to other parts of the body including the bone, liver, spleen and bone marrow.

Lymphoma cells may replace the normal cells in the bone marrow over time. This can impact the production of new red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets which can help to stop bleeding. Also Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is different from Hodgkin’s lymphoma and occurs more frequently.

Types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
There are many different types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Intermediate and aggressive lymphomas are otherwise known as high grade lymphomas. These can grow and spread quickly and cause severe symptoms. Low grade, non-aggressive lymphomas are also called indolent lymphomas which grow quite slowly and cause fewer symptoms.

Causes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
The exact cause of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is unknown. The abnormal growth associated with this infection can be triggered by exposure to something in the environment or infection. This condition is however not contagious. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can occur more frequently in men than women. It can affect older people and in those who have an inherited HIV, an autoimmune disease or immune deficiency. A viral infection, exposure to pesticides, fertilizers or solvents can also increase the risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

What are the symptoms?
A painless swelling in the lymph nodes of the neck, underarm, groin is the most common symptoms of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Other symptoms include night sweats, unexplained fever, extreme fatigue, weight loss, itchy skin, red patches on the skin, pain in the back or abdomen, cough etc.

How is it treated?
The type of lymphoma, age and general health and the stage of the disease are the factors based on which treatment would be started. The treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, watchful waiting, stem cell transplant plus chemotherapy etc.